Another response to Hopis vs. Big Mountain Trespassers:
Another response to Hopis vs. Big Mountain Trespassers:
I'd say positions such as the following:
...as a result of their bold actions and courage today, we still have our Sacred Songs and Language in which we communicate with the Sacred Spirits, Sacred Powers, Earth, Stars, Moons, and Elements; none of which could be fully understood or duplicated by anyone other than our own kind by virtue of having been customarily taught through our Physical and Spiritual participation in these very Sacred Ceremonies.
In some cases, I would assume it is permissible to allow for those of other Nations to pray with us, but to keep the cultural, Traditonal and Ceremonial integrity to the Traditonal, validated ceremonially taught leaders to hold and be the interpreters for our grandchildren.
Today there are now being held Sundances all across this country in State parks, National parks, and private lands, away from the Traditional authority, and besides this is a Tribal Level Ceremony that requires the participation of the entire tribe, young and old.
would tend to rule out Navajos conducting Sun Dance ceremonies, even with traditional Lakotas leading or guiding them. In other words, these statements tend to favor Lakotas (and other Plains Indians) keeping the Sun Dance to themselves. I don't see how someone could construe these passages as allowing non-Plains Indians to conduct a Sun Dance for their own purposes.
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